USMLE (United States Medical Licensing Examination) Step 1 Practice Exam

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Which translocation, t(11;14), is associated with which type of lymphoma involving cyclin D1 activation and continuous cell cycle progression without apoptosis regulation?

Burkitt lymphoma
Follicular lymphoma
Mantle cell lymphoma
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

The correct answer is: Mantle cell lymphoma

The translocation t(11;14) is specifically associated with mantle cell lymphoma. This genetic alteration leads to the dysregulation and overexpression of cyclin D1, which plays a crucial role in driving the cell cycle. In mantle cell lymphoma, the continuous progression through the cell cycle occurs due to the inappropriate regulation of cyclin D1, which facilitates unregulated cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. Cycle D1's function is important for the transition from the G1 phase to the S phase of the cell cycle. In mantle cell lymphoma, the presence of this translocation allows for unchecked progression, leading to the accumulation of malignant B cells. This pathology is distinct from the other types of lymphoma listed, such as Burkitt lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, each of which is related to different genetic anomalies and mechanisms of tumorigenesis. For instance, Burkitt lymphoma is typically associated with the t(8;14) translocation involving MYC gene activation, while follicular lymphoma often involves t(14;18), affecting BCL2 expression.